DNA TESTING INFORMATION

Lipid Metabolism & Cholesterol Regulation

1. APOA2 (Apolipoprotein A2)

   • Regulates HDL (good cholesterol) metabolism.

   • Certain variants influence saturated fat sensitivity and obesity risk.

2. LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor)

   • Removes LDL (bad cholesterol) from the blood.

   • Mutations are linked to familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH).

3. APOB (Apolipoprotein B)

   • A key component of LDL; involved in cholesterol transport.

   • Mutations can lead to high cholesterol and heart disease.

Lactose, Gluten, & Taste Sensitivity

1. MCM6 (Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6)

   • Regulates lactase production.

   • Variants determine lactose tolerance or intolerance in adulthood.

2. HLA-DQ2.5 / HLA-DQ8 (Human Leukocyte Antigen)

   • Genes associated with coeliac disease and gluten intolerance.

   • Carrying one or both variants increases risk of gluten-related disorders.

3. TAS1R3 (Taste Receptor Type 1, Member 3)

   • Influences sweet taste perception and sugar preference.

   • Variants affect sugar cravings and dietary choices.

4. TAS2R38 (Taste Receptor Type 2, Member 38)

   • Determines bitter taste perception, affecting sensitivity to bitter foods like broccoli and coffee.

Vitamin & Mineral Metabolism

1. GNB3 (Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein Subunit Beta-3)

   • Linked to sodium retention and blood pressure regulation.

   • Certain variants are associated with obesity and hypertension.

2. BCOM1 (Beta-Carotene Oxygenase 1)

   • Converts beta-carotene (from plants) into vitamin A.

   • Some variants reduce conversion efficiency, increasing the need for preformed vitamin A from animal sources.

3. TCN1 (Transcobalamin 1)

• Regulates vitamin B12 transport and absorption.

• Variants may influence B12 levels and deficiency risk.

1. MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase)

• Involved in folate metabolism and homocysteine regulation.

• Mutations can increase risk for heart disease, neural tube defects, and methylation issues.

1. SLC23A1 / SLC23A2 (Solute Carrier Family 23, Member 1 & 2)

• Regulate vitamin C transport and absorption.

• Variants may affect plasma vitamin C levels and antioxidant protection.

1. GC (Group-Specific Component, aka Vitamin D Binding Protein)

• Binds and transports vitamin D in the bloodstream.

• Variants can affect vitamin D status and bone health.

1. CYP2R1 (Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily R Member 1)

• Converts vitamin D into its active form.

• Variants may affect vitamin D levels and deficiency risk.

1. TRPM6 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 6)

• Involved in magnesium absorption.

• Variants can increase the risk of magnesium deficiency and high blood pressure.

1. SEP-15 (Selenoprotein 15)

• Plays a role in selenium metabolism and antioxidant defence.

• Variants may impact cancer risk and immune function.

1. CA1 (Carbonic Anhydrase 1)

• Involved in pH balance and hydration.

• Variants may influence fluid retention and electrolyte balance.

1. LRP5 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5)

• Regulates bone mineral density.

• Mutations can increase or decrease bone strength.

Omega-3 & Fatty Acid Metabolism

1. FADS1 / FADS2 (Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 & 2)

• Regulate conversion of ALA (plant-based omega-3) into EPA & DHA.

• Variants determine how well you process omega-3 & omega-6 fatty acids.

Fitness, Strength, & Muscle Genes

1. MSTN (Myostatin)

• Regulates muscle growth inhibition.

• Variants with reduced function may increase muscle mass and strength.

1. ACTN3 (Alpha-Actinin-3)

• Known as the "sprinter gene", influencing fast-twitch muscle performance.

• Variants determine power vs. endurance athletic potential.

1. AGTR2 (Angiotensin II Receptor Type 2)

• Plays a role in blood pressure regulation and endurance performance.

1. IL-6 (Interleukin-6)

• Affects inflammation and muscle recovery.

• Variants may influence exercise recovery and immune function.

1. COL5A1 (Collagen Type V Alpha 1 Chain)

• Affects ligament strength and injury risk.

• Certain variants increase risk for Achilles tendon injuries.

1. CKM (Creatine Kinase, Muscle Type)

• Involved in energy production for muscle contraction.

• Variants can impact muscle endurance and recovery speed.

Obesity, Metabolism, & Appetite Genes

1. FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein)

• Strongest genetic predictor of obesity.

• Variants influence hunger, calorie intake, and fat storage.

1. MC4R (Melanocortin 4 Receptor)

• Regulates appetite and energy balance.

• Mutations can lead to increased hunger and obesity.

1. SLC30A8 (Solute Carrier Family 30, Member 8)

• Involved in insulin secretion.

• Variants influence Type 2 diabetes risk.

1. TCF7L2 (Transcription Factor 7-Like 2)

• One of the strongest genetic risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.

1. ADD1 (Adducin 1)

• Regulates sodium balance and blood pressure.

• Certain variants may increase salt sensitivity & hypertension risk.

Caffeine, Sleep, & Mood Regulation

1. CYP1A2 (Cytochrome P450 1A2)

• Determines caffeine metabolism speed (fast vs. slow metaboliser).

1. ADORA2A (Adenosine A2A Receptor)

• Affects caffeine sensitivity and sleep quality.

1. CLOCK (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput)

• Regulates circadian rhythm and sleep patterns.

1. GABRA6 (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit Alpha6)

• Affects stress response and anxiety.

1. HTR1B (5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1B)

• Regulates serotonin signalling; linked to mood and impulsivity.

1. NPAS2 (Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2)

• Works with CLOCK gene to regulate sleep-wake cycles.